Charles I |
King of England,
Scotland and
Ireland
(more...) |
|
Portrait by
Antoon van Dyck, 1636 |
Reign |
27 March
1625 —
30
January 1649 |
Coronation |
2
February 1626 |
Predecessor |
James VI and I |
Successor |
Charles II de jure
Oliver Cromwell, de facto (as leader of the
Commonwealth of England) |
Consort |
Henrietta Maria of France |
Issue |
Charles II
Mary, Princess Royal
James II and VII
Elizabeth of England
Anne of England
Henry, Duke of Gloucester
Henrietta Anne of England |
Titles and styles |
HM The King
The Prince of Wales
The Duke of York
The Duke of Albany
The Prince Charles |
Royal house |
House of Stuart |
Father |
James I of England |
Mother |
Anne of Denmark |
Born |
November 19,
1600(1600-11-19)
Dunfermline,
Scotland |
Baptised |
23
December 1601
1 date of christening =23
December 1602
Dunfermline,
Scotland |
Died |
January 30,
1649 (aged 48)
Whitehall,
England |
Burial |
7
February 1649
Windsor,
England |
Charles I (19
November 1600 – 30 January 1649) was King of England, Scotland and Ireland
from March 27, 1625 until his execution.[1] Charles famously engaged in a
struggle for power with the Parliament of England. He was an advocate of the
Divine Right of Kings,[2] and many citizens of England feared that he was
attempting to gain absolute power. Many of his actions, particularly the
levying of taxes without Parliament's consent, caused widespread
opposition.[3]
Religious conflicts permeated Charles's reign. He married a Catholic princess,
Henrietta Maria of France, over the objections of Parliament and public
opinion.[4][5] He further allied himself with controversial religious figures,
including the ecclesiastic Richard Montagu and William Laud, whom Charles
appointed Archbishop of Canterbury. Many of Charles's subjects felt this
brought the Church of England too close to Roman Catholicism. Charles's later
attempts to force religious reforms upon Scotland led to the Bishops' Wars
that weakened England's government and helped precipitate his downfall.
His last years were marked by the English Civil War, in which he was opposed
by the forces of Parliament, which challenged his attempts to augment his own
power, and by Puritans, who were hostile to his religious policies and
supposed Catholic sympathies. Charles was defeated in the first Civil War
(1642 - 1645), after which Parliament expected him to accept demands for a
constitutional monarchy. He instead remained defiant by attempting to forge an
alliance with Scotland and escaping to the Isle of Wight. This provoked a
second Civil War (1648 - 1649) and a second defeat for Charles, who was
subsequently captured, tried, convicted, and executed for high treason. The
monarchy was then abolished and a republic called the Commonwealth of England,
also referred to as the Cromwellian Interregnum, was declared. Charles's son,
Charles II, became King after the restoration of the monarchy in 1660.[6]
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia